HMM/DNN-based Speech Synthesis System (HTS) - Reference of hts_engine API

Preprocessor symbols for conditional compilation　†

• For embedded device

  HTS_EMBEDDED (slightly faster setting is used)

• Audio device setting

  AUDIO_PLAY_WIN32 (for Windows 2000/XP/Vista C++ compiler)
  AUDIO_PLAY_WINCE (for Windows Mobile C++ compiler)
  AUDIO_PLAY_NONE  (default)

• For Festival speech synthesis system

  FESTIVAL 

• Endian definition

  WORDS_BIGENDIAN (e.g. PowerPC, Cell BE, SPARC, 680x0)
  WORDS_LITTLEENDIAN (e.g. x86, Alpha AXP)

• Boolean definition (HTS_Boolean)

  TRUE
  FALSE

Engine structures†

Model†

HTS_Window†

• Window coefficients to calculate dynamic features.

  int size             - # of windows (static + deltas)
  int *l_width         - left width of windows
  int *r_width         - right width of windows
  double **coefficient - window coefficients
  int max_width        - maximum width of windows

HTS_Pattern†

• List of patterns in a question and a tree.

  char *string      - pattern string
  HTS_Pattern *next - pointer to the next pattern

HTS_Question†

• List of questions in a tree.

  char *name         - name of this question
  HTS_Pattern *head  - pointer to the head of pattern list
  HTS_Question *next - pointer to the next question

HTS_Node†

• List of tree nodes in a tree.

  int index           - index of this node
  int pdf             - index of PDF for this node (leaf node only)
  HTS_Node *yes       - pointer to its child node (yes)
  HTS_Node *no        - pointer to its child node (no)
  HTS_Node *next      - pointer to the next node
  HTS_Question *quest - question applied at this node

HTS_Tree†

• List of decision trees in a model.

  HTS_Pattern *head - pointer to the head of pattern list for this tree
  HTS_Tree *next    - pointer to the next tree
  HTS_Node *root    - root node of this tree
  int state         - state index of this tree

HTS_Model†

• Set of PDFs, decision trees and questions.

  int vector_length      - vector length (include static and dynamic features)
  int *npdf              - # of PDFs at each tree
  double ***pdf          - PDFs
  HTS_Tree *tree         - pointer to the list of trees
  HTS_Question *question - pointer to the list of questions

HTS_Stream†

• Set of models and a window.

  int vector_length        - vector_length (include static and dynamic features)
  HTS_Model *model         - models
  HTS_DynamicWindow window - window coefficients
  HTS_Boolean msd_flag     - flag for MSD
  int interpolation_size   - # of models for interpolation

HTS_ModelSet†

• Set of duration models, HMMs and GV models.

  HTS_Stream duration - duration PDFs and trees
  HTS_Stream *stream  - parameter PDFs, trees and windows
  HTS_Stream *gv      - GV PDFs
  int nstate          - # of HMM states
  int nstream         - # of stream

Label†

HTS_LabelString†

• Individual label string with time infomation.

  HTS_LabelString *next  - pointer to the next label string
  char *name             - label string
  HTS_Boolean frame_flag - flag for frame length modification
  int frame              - frame length specified in the given label

HTS_Label†

• List of label strings.

  HTS_LabelString *head - pointer to the head of label string
  int size              - # of label strings
  double speech_speed   - speech speed rate

State stream†

HTS_SStream†

• Individual state stream.

  int vector_length        - vector length (include static and dynamic features)
  double **mean            - mean vector sequence
  double **vari            - variance vector sequence
  double *msd              - MSD parameter sequence
  int win_size             - # of windows (static + deltas)
  int *win_l_width         - left width of windows
  int *win_r_width         - right width of windows
  double **win_coefficient - window coefficients
  int win_max_width        - maximum width of windows
  double *gv_mean          - mean vector of GV
  double *gv_vari          - variance vector of GV

HTS_SStreamSet†

• Set of state stream.

  HTS_SStream *sstream - state streams
  int nstream          - # of streams
  int nstate           - # of states
  int *duration        - duration sequence
  int total_state      - total state
  int total_frame      - total frame

PDF stream†

HTS_SMatrices†

• Matrices/Vectors used in the speech parameter generation algorithm.

  double **mean - mean vector sequence
  double **ivar - inverse diag variance sequence
  double *g     - vector used in the forward substitution
  double **wuw  - W' U^-1 W
  double *wum   - W' U^-1 mu

HTS_PStream†

• Individual PDF stream.

  int vector_length        - vector length (include static and dynamic features)
  int static_length        - static features length
  int length               - stream length
  int width                - width of dynamic window
  double **par             - output parameter vector
  HTS_SMatrices sm         - matrices for parameter generation
  int win_size             - # of windows (static + deltas)
  int *win_l_width         - left width of windows
  int *win_r_width         - right width of windows
  double **win_coefficient - window coefficients
  HTS_Boolean *msd_flag    - Boolean sequence for MSD
  double *gv_buff          - buffer for GV calculation
  double *gv_mean          - mean vector of GV
  double *gv_vari          - variance vector of GV
  double gv_weight         - GV weight

HTS_PStreamSet†

• Set of PDF streams.

  HTS_PStream *pstream - PDF streams
  int nstream          - # of PDF streams
  int total_frame      - total frame

Generated parameter stream†

HTS_GStream†

• Generated parameter stream.

  int static_length - static features length
  double **par      - generated parameter

HTS_GStreamSet†

• Set of generated parameter stream.

  int total_nsample    - total sample
  int total_frame      - total frame
  int nstream          - # of streams
  HTS_GStream *gstream - generated parameter streams
  short *gspeech       - generated speech

Engine†

HTS_Global†

• Global settings.

  int stage                - Gamma=-1/stage : if stage=0 then Gamma=0
  HTS_Boolean use_log_gain - log gain flag (for LSP)
  int sampling_rate        - sampling rate
  int fperiod              - frame period
  double alpha             - all-pass constant
  double beta              - postfiltering coefficient
  int audio_buff_size      - audio buffer size (for audio device)
  double *msd_threshold    - MSD thresholds
  double *duration_iw      - weights for duration interpolation
  double **parameter_iw    - weights for parameter interpolation
  double **gv_iw           - weights for GV interpolation
  double *gv_weight        - GV weights

HTS_Engine†

• Engine itself.

  HTS_Global global  - global settings
  HTS_ModelSet ms    - set of duration models, HMMs and GV models
  HTS_Label label    - label
  HTS_SStreamSet sss - set of state streams
  HTS_PStreamSet pss - set of PDF streams
  HTS_GStreamSet gss - set of generated parameter streams

Vocoder structures†

Audio†

HTS_Audio†

• For MS Windows (Windows Mobile) audio output device.

  HWAVEOUT hwaveout         - audio device handle
  WAVEFORMATEX waveformatex - wave formatex
  short *buff               - current buffer
  int buff_size             - current buffer size
  int which_buff            - double buffering flag
  HTS_Boolean now_buff_1    - double buffering flag
  HTS_Boolean now_buff_2    - double buffering flag
  WAVEHDR buff_1            - buffer
  WAVEHDR buff_2            - buffer
  int max_buff_size         - buffer size of audio output device

• For Linux, etc.

  int i                     - make compiler happy

Vocoder†

HTS_Vocoder†

• MLSA/MGLSA filter settings.

  int stage                  - Gamma=-1/stage : if stage=0 then Gamma=0
  double gamma               - Gamma
  HTS_Boolean use_log_gain   - log gain flag (for LSP)
  int fprd                   - frame shift
  int iprd                   - interpolation period
  int seed                   - seed of random generator
  unsigned long next         - temporary variable for random generator
  HTS_Boolean gauss          - flag to use Gaussian noise
  double rate                - sampling rate
  double p1                  - used in excitation generation
  double pc                  - used in excitation generation
  double p                   - used in excitation generation
  double inc                 - used in excitation generation
  int sw                     - switch used in random generator
  int x                      - excitation signal
  HTS_Audio *audio           - pointer for audio device
  double *freqt_buff         - used in freqt
  int freqt_size             - buffer size for freqt
  double *spectrum2en_buff   - used in spectrum2en
  int spectrum2en_size       - buffer size for spectrum2en
  double r1, r2, s           - used in random generator
  double *postfilter_buff    - used in postfiltering
  int postfilter_size        - buffer size for postfiltering
  double *c, *cc, *cinc, *d1 - used in the MLSA/MGLSA filter
  double *pade               - used in mlsadf
  double *lsp2lpc_buff       - used in lsp2lpc
  int lsp2lpc_size           - buffer size of lsp2lpc
  double *gc2gc_buff         - used in gc2gc
  int gc2gc_size             - buffer size for gc2gc

Engine functions†

Initialize engine†

HTS_Engine_initialize†

void HTS_Engine_initialize(HTS_Engine *engine, int nstream)

• Use: Initialize engine.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure

• Attention!!: To start engine, first you must call this function.

Load models†

HTS_Engine_load_duration_from_fn†

void HTS_Engine_load_duration_from_fn(HTS_Engine *engine, char **pdf_fn, char **tree_fn, int interpolation_size)

• Use: Load duration PDFs and trees from files using given file names.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine     - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  char **pdf_fn          - duration PDF file names
  char **tree_fn         - duration tree file names
  int interpolation_size - # of duration models to be interpolated

• Attention!!: You must initialize variable engine using HTS_Engine_initialize before calling this function.

HTS_Engine_load_duration_from_fp†

void HTS_Engine_load_duration_from_fp(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE **pdf_fp, FILE **tree_fp, int interpolation_size)

• Use: load duration PDFs and trees from files using given file pointers.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine     - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE **pdf_fp          - duration PDF file pointers
  FILE **tree_fp         - duration tree file pointers
  int interpolation_size - # of duration models to be interpolated

• Attention!!: You must initialize variable engine using HTS_Engine_initialize before calling this function.

HTS_Engine_load_parameter_from_fn†

void HTS_Engine_load_parameter_from_fn(HTS_Engine *engine, char **pdf_fn, char **tree_fn, char **win_fn,
                                       int stream_index, HTS_Boolean msd_flag, int window_size, int interpolation_size)

• Use: load parameter PDFs, trees and windows from files using given file names.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine     - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  char **pdf_fn          - parameter PDF file pointers
  char **tree_fn         - parameter tree file pointers
  char **win_fn          - parameter window file pointers
  int stream_index       - index of stream
  HTS_Boolean msd_flag   - flag for MSD
  int window_size        - # of windows
  int interpolation_size - # of parameter models to be interpolated

• Attention!!: You must load duration models using HTS_Engine_load_duration_from_fn/fp before calling this function.

HTS_Engine_load_parameter_from_fp†

void HTS_Engine_load_parameter_from_fp(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE **pdf_fp, FILE **tree_fp, FILE **win_fp,
                                       int stream_index, HTS_Boolean msd_flag, int window_size, int interpolation_size)

• Use: load parameter PDFs, trees and windows from files using given file pointers.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine     - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE **pdf_fp          - parameter PDF file pointers
  FILE **tree_fp         - parameter tree file pointers
  FILE **win_fp          - parameter window file pointers
  int stream_index       - index of stream
  HTS_Boolean msd_flag   - MSD flag
  int window_size        - # of windows
  int interpolation_size - # of parameter models to be interpolated

• Attention!!: You must load duration models using HTS_Engine_load_duration_from_fn/fp before calling this function.

HTS_Engine_load_gv_from_fn†

void HTS_Engine_load_gv_from_fn(HTS_Engine *engine, char **pdf_fn, int stream_index, int interpolation_size)

• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine     - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  char **pdf_fn          - GV PDF file names
  int stream_index       - index of streams
  int interpolation_size - # of GV models to be interpolated

• Attention!!: You must load parameter models using HTS_Engine_load_parameter_from_fn/fp before calling this function.

HTS_Engine_load_gv_from_fp†

void HTS_Engine_load_gv_from_fp(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE **pdf_fp, int stream_index, int interpolation_size)

• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine     - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE **pdf_fn          - GV PDF file pointers
  int stream_index       - index of streams
  int interpolation_size - # of GV models to be interpolated

• Attention!!: You must load parameter models using HTS_Engine_load_parameter_from_fn/fp before calling this function.

Set parameter†

HTS_Engine_set_sampling_rate†

void HTS_Engine_set_sampling_rate(HTS_Engine *engine,int i)

• Use: set sampling frequency.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int i              - sampling frequency (Hz), 1= < i <= 48000

• Attention!!: Default value is 16000.

HTS_Engine_set_fperiod†

void HTS_Engine_set_fperiod(HTS_Engine *engine,int i)

• Use: set frame shift.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int i              - frame shift (point), 1= < i <= 2000

• Attention!!: Default value is 80.

HTS_Engine_set_alpha†

void HTS_Engine_set_alpha(HTS_Engine *engine,double f)

• Use: set frequency warping parameter alpha.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  double f           - alpha, 0.0 <= f <= 1.0

• Attention!!: Default value is 0.42.

HTS_Engine_set_gamma†

void HTS_engine_set_gamma(HTS_Engine *engine,int i)

• Use: set Gamma.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int i              - Gamma=-1/i : if i=0 then Gamma=0, 0 <= i

• Attention!!: Default value is 0.

HTS_Engine_use_log_gain†

void HTS_Engine_set_log_gain(HTS_Engine *engine,HTS_Boolean i)

• Use: set log gain flag.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  HTS_Boolean i      - log gain flag.

• Attention!!: Default value is FALSE.

HTS_Engine_set_beta†

void HTS_SetBeta(HTS_Engine *engine,double f)

• Use: set postfiltering coefficient parameter beta.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  double f           - beta, -0.8 <= f <= 0.8

• Attention!!: Default value is 0.0. If you set beta large value, formant structure will be emphasized strongly.

HTS_Engine_set_audio_buff_size†

void HTS_Engine_set_audio_buff_size(HTS_Engine *engine, int i)

• Use: set buffer size for direct audio output.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int i              - buffer size (sample), 0 <= i <= 48000

• Attention!!: Default value is 0. If i=0, direct audio play is turned off.

HTS_Engine_set_msd_threshold†

void HTS_Engine_set_msd_threshold(HTS_Engine *engine, int stream_index, double f)

• Use: set MSD threshold.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int stream_index   - index of streams
  double f           - threshold

HTS_Engine_set_duration_interpolation_weight†

void HTS_Engine_set_duration_interpolation_weight(HTS_Engine *engine, int interpolation_index, double f)

• Use: set weight for duration interpolation.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine      - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int interpolation_index - index of duration models
  double f                - interpolation weight

HTS_Engine_set_parameter_interpolation_weight†

void HTS_Engine_set_parameter_interpolation_weight(HTS_Engine *engine, int stream_index, int interpolation_index, double f)

• Use: set weight for parameter interpolation.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine      - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int stream_index        - index of streams
  int interpolation_index - index of parameter models
  double f                - interpolation weight

HTS_Engine_set_gv_interpolation_weight†

void HTS_Engine_set_gv_interpolation_weight(HTS_Engine *engine, int stream_index, int interpolation_index, double f)

• Use: set weight for GV interpolation.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine      - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int stream_index        - index of streams
  int interpolation_index - index of GV models
  double f                - interpolation weight

HTS_Engine_set_gv_weight†

void HTS_Engine_set_gv_weight(HTS_Engine *engine, int stream_index, double f)

• Use: set GV weight.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  int stream_index   - index of streams
  double f           - GV weight

Synthesize speech†

HTS_Engine_load_label_from_fn†

void HTS_Engine_load_label_from_fn(HTS_Engine *engine, char *fn)

• Use: load label from file using given file name.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  char *fn           - label file name

HTS_Engine_load_label_from_fp†

void HTS_Engine_load_label_from_fp(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE *fp)

• Use: load label from file using given file pointer.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE *fp           - label file pointer

HTS_Engine_load_label_from_string†

void HTS_Engine_load_label_from_string(HTS_Engine *engine, char *data)

• Use: load label from string.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  char *data         - label string

HTS_Engine_load_label_from_string_list†

void HTS_Engine_load_label_from_string_list(HTS_Engine *engine, char **data, int size)

• Use: load label from string list.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  char **data        - label string list
  int size           - size of label string list

HTS_Engine_create_sstream†

void HTS_Engine_create_sstream(HTS_Engine *engine)

• Use: parse label, determine state duration and create state stream.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure

HTS_Engine_create_pstream†

void HTS_Engine_create_pstream(HTS_Engine *engine)

• Use: create PDF stream using state stream.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure

HTS_Engine_create_gstream†

void HTS_Engine_create_gstream(HTS_Engine *engine)

• Use: synthesis speech and store generated parameter using PDF stream.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure

• Attention!!: To synthesize speech, you must set stream[0]=spectrum models and spectrum[1]=lf0 models.

HTS_Engine_save_infomation†

void HTS_Engine_save_infomation(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE *fp)

• Use: output trace infomation.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE *fp           - output file pointer

HTS_Engine_save_label†

void HTS_Engine_save_label(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE *fp)

• Use: output label with time.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE *fp           - output file pointer

HTS_Engine_save_generated_parameter†

void HTS_Engine_save_generated_parameter(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE *fp)

• Use: output generated parameter.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE *fp           - output file pointer

HTS_Engine_save_generated_speech†

void HTS_Engine_save_generated_speech(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE *fp)

• Use: output generated speech.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE *fp           - output file pointer

HTS_Engine_save_riff†

void HTS_Engine_save_riff(HTS_Engine *engine, FILE *fp)

• Use: output riff format file.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure
  FILE *fp           - output file pointer

HTS_Engine_refresh†

void HTS_Engine_refresh(HTS_Engine *engine)

• Use: free label, state streams, PDF streams and generated parameter streams.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure

Free engine†

HTS_Engine_clear†

void HTS_Engine_clear(HTS_Engine *engine)

• Use: free engine.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Engine *engine - pointer to HTS_Engine structure

Vocoder functions†

Initialize vocoder†

HTS_Vocoder_initialize†

void HTS_Vocoder_initialize(HTS_Vocoder *v, const int m, const int stage, HTS_Boolean use_log_gain, const int rate, const int fperiod, int buff_size)

• Use: initialize the vocoder.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Vocoder *v           - pointer to HTS_Vocoder structure
  int m                    - order of mel-cepstral coefficients
  int stage                - Gamma=-1/stage : if stage=0 then Gamma=0
  HTS_Boolean use_log_gain - log gain flag
  int rate                 - sampling frequency
  int fperiod              - frame shift
  int buff_size            - buffer size for direct audio output

Synthesize speech†

HTS_Vocoder_synthesize†

void HTS_Vocoder_synthesize(HTS_Vocoder *v, const int m, double lf0, double *spectrum, double alpha, double beta, short *rawdata)

• Use: run the vocoder and synthesize waveform.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Vocoder *v   - HTS_Vocoder structure pointer
  int m            - order of spectrum coefficients
  double lf0       - log F0 value
  double *spectrum - spectrum coefficients
  double alpha     - frequency warping parameter alpha
  double beta      - postfiltering parameter beta
  short *rawdata   - short pointer to store synthesized waveform

HTS_Vocoder_postfilter_mcp†

void HTS_Vocoder_postfilter_mcp(HTS_Vocoder *v, double *mcp, const int m, double alpha, double beta)

• Use: postfilter for mel-cepstrum.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Vocoder *v - HTS_Vocoder structure pointer
  double *mcp    - spectrum coefficients
  int m          - order of mel-cepstral coefficients
  double alpha   - frequency warping parameter alpha
  double beta    - postfiltering parameter beta

Free vocoder†

HTS_Vocoder_clear†

void HTS_Vocoder_clear(HTS_Vocoder *v)

• Use: free the vocoder.
• Arguments:

  HTS_Vocoder *v - pointer to HTS_Vocoder structure

Other functions†

For copyright†

void HTS_show_copyright(FILE *fp)†

• Use: show hts_engine_API copyright.
• Arguments:

  FILE *fp - output file pointer

void HTS_get_copyright(char *str)†

• Use: copy hts_engine_API copyright to string.
• Arguments:

  char *str - output string

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